While the idea of Individualism is not unique to Western
culture, the degree to which it is embraced is culturally unique. The roots are embedded in Greek
aesthetics and philosophy. This tree sprouted from the fertile seed of
"Humanism". An idea that ((wo)man) is the apex of value and that
great things could be accomplished on earth without the help of the gods. This
idea contrasted sharply with the previous notions of muses and meddling gods
who, in some myths, would literally manifest themselves upon earth to influence
human beings. As centuries passed and Christianity spread across the continent,
the human side of Jesus was emphasized. Even though Christian belief considered
him divine, he was never called God. He was considered the son of God, the
divine embodied in flesh. His life was worshiped. The human side of him shone
through. Then the renaissance brought humanism back in full swing. Greek
classics were studied. The age of reason helped bring about exploration,
scientific achievement, democracy, industry and capitalism.
What we have now is world blanketed by a multifarious
network of beliefs. This western idea of individuality has melded with eastern
ideas of spirituality, aboriginal beliefs of nature worship and so on. This
sometimes leads to beautiful new ideas or ways of thinking, just as much as it
results in existential vacillation or clashes of culture. Moreover, a new world
appears to be emerging from the old. While I have theories, I cannot say what
this new world will ultimately be. No one can.
Returning to this emphasis on individualism, one of the
things that makes America and similar societies great, is the concept that a
person can rise up from humble beginnings and make something out of nothing.
This of course is a shinning ideal and not easily realized, but it does happen.
Additionally, it is empowering, in the true sense of the word, to take command
of one’s own life. "Trust in your capabilities, there by manifesting your own
future." What a beautiful thought! The grittier side of a life lived with too
much focus on individualism is a certain brand of despair. I'll call it
"despair-isolation", or the despair of isolation. This thought that
there is nothing of value beyond ourselves plagues people at all ages, but
becomes most apparent at the end of a life, even a powerful life as in the case
of Howard Hughes. This brings me to my ultimate point, the difference between
individualism and autonomy.
Autonomy, in the most basic sense, simply means
"self rule". It is an idea that is relatively easy to understand when
applying it to concepts of government. As Americans, we embrace this concept
going back to the founding of our government, during which time people did just
that, basically saying, "You will no longer rule us! We will rule
ourselves!"
The concept of autonomy gets decidedly trickier when you
apply to the individual. It is delusional to say that individuals are
autonomous, or capable of autonomy, although certain thinkers have done so, Ayn
Rand being one of the more outspoken in recent history. It is delusional simply
because it takes individualism to the absolute degree. It disregards everything
else that makes up a person, everything except the person itself. It disregards
the others who have come before you and influenced you- your parents, your
friends, your teachers, your favorite authors or philosophers and even your
very culture. It tosses out the slightest consideration for those who may have
helped you get an edge up or a start. Interestingly, it also ignores many
internal aspects of the person, by emphasizing that rational, decisive side and
ignoring the influential aspect of our moods and emotions, which by their very
nature, we have little to no control over.
Individualism is fine. I'm all for the empowerment of the
person, or the strengthening of person-hood. However, the world and the person both
suffer when this idea is perverted to the extent of autonomy. We should be just
as responsible for others as we are for ourselves. We should feel comfortable
making our own decisions, but only after recognizing that any decision is the
product of so much more than ourselves. To believe that you rule yourself in
complete entirety is to start on that long, lonely road, which ends in the
desolate lands of despair and isolation.